What is the main characteristic of substance abuse disorder?

The main characteristic of substance use disorder is captured in the concept of both abuse and dependence on substances. This encompasses a range of behaviors associated with the harmful use of psychoactive substances, including the inability to stop using the substance despite it causing negative consequences in various aspects of life, such as health, relationships, and responsibilities.

Substance abuse often involves a pattern of use that leads to significant impairment or distress, which aligns with the diagnostic criteria set forth in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). This can include recurrent substance use that results in failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; the development of tolerance; and withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance. These behaviors illustrate both abuse and dependence aspects of the disorder.

By addressing both abuse and dependence, this perspective allows for a comprehensive understanding of how substance use impacts an individual’s life and functioning. This holistic view is critical for diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address both behavioral patterns and the psychological components of addiction.