What indicates substance dependence?

Substance dependence is characterized by a pattern of substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress. The correct understanding of this concept emphasizes that meeting three or more specified criteria within a 12-month period can indicate a diagnosis of substance dependence, as outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). These criteria include, but are not limited to, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and unsuccessful attempts to cut down on use.

By identifying a threshold of three or more criteria, the focus shifts to a more serious level of substance use that affects social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. This is more indicative of a clinical diagnosis of substance dependence compared to other descriptions that either lack specific criteria or do not reflect the seriousness of the situation, such as merely experiencing a negative reaction to withdrawal symptoms or having any history of substance use.

Overall, option B effectively captures the comprehensive nature of substance dependence and aligns with the diagnostic criteria utilized in clinical practice, making it the most accurate choice.