What does Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR contain?

Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR specifically addresses personality disorders and mental retardation, distinguishing these chronic conditions from other mental health issues listed on other axes. The inclusion of personality disorders emphasizes enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that significantly deviate from cultural expectations and can impact various aspects of a person's life, such as functioning in social, occupational, or other areas. Meanwhile, mental retardation, categorized under intellectual disability in more recent terminology, indicates below-average intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive behaviors.

Recognizing the importance of Axis II is crucial for treatment planning and understanding a client's overall mental health status, as these disorders often interact with and complicate treatment for conditions on other axes. For example, when addressing substance use disorders, understanding any underlying personality disorders can inform more effective therapeutic approaches. This focus on chronic mental health issues sets Axis II apart from other axes that concentrate on acute conditions or situational factors.