What distinguishes bi-polar mood disorder from major depression?

The distinction between bipolar mood disorder and major depression is primarily defined by the presence of at least one episode of mania in bipolar disorder. In bipolar mood disorder, individuals experience oscillating mood states that include both depressive episodes and manic or hypomanic episodes. A manic episode is characterized by an abnormally elevated mood, increased energy, and often a decreased need for sleep, which is fundamentally different from the unipolar presentation of major depression, where an individual experiences only depressive episodes without episodes of mania or hypomania.

This difference in episode types is what classifies the disorders separately in diagnostic criteria, making the identification of at least one manic episode a crucial factor in diagnosing bipolar mood disorder. Understanding this distinction is vital for effective treatment and support, as the management strategies can differ significantly between the two conditions.