In terms of substance use disorder treatment, what does 'self-medication' refer to?

The term 'self-medication' in the context of substance use disorder treatment primarily refers to the use of drugs or alcohol as a means to manage or alleviate negative emotions, stress, or psychological distress. This behavior is often observed in individuals who experience underlying mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, and they turn to substances to temporarily escape their emotional pain or discomfort.

This can lead to a cycle of increased substance use as the individual may not have effective coping strategies or the appropriate treatment for their underlying issues. In this sense, self-medication is seen as an unhealthy attempt to deal with emotional or psychological problems, which can exacerbate both the substance use disorder and the mental health condition.

The other options, while related to managing emotions or stress, do not capture the essence of self-medication as it pertains to substance use disorder. Using prescribed medications or over-the-counter remedies typically involves following medical advice, which is a controlled approach to treatment, rather than the impulsive nature of self-medication. Engaging in therapeutic activities for relaxation, on the other hand, represents healthy coping strategies rather than the maladaptive behaviors associated with self-medication.